Post 9/11 Counter-Terrorism in New York City Essay example

September 11, 2001 was one of the scariest days for the United States of America. Many Americans felt unsafe in their own homes because this was the first ever terrorist attack on American soil. On this day many brave Americans stepped up to do their part on helping the wounded as much as they could. Many police officers and firefighters lost their lives going into the burning towers to try and save as many people as possible. Many nurses and doctors were also on site and working long hours in hope to save everyone who was able to make it out safely. Since that fateful day American’s still take a moment to remember that day that changed our country and took many American lives. That day might have been one of the scariest days in our†¦show more content†¦September 11th hit New York City the worst killing thousands of people in the planes, tower, bystanders or the brave firefighters, police, and other emergency responders who risked their lives to save others. Howeve r since 9/11 The United States of America have done a lot to prevent future attacks like that from happening again. Some measures are more intense airport security, another war, and the killing of Osama bin Laden, but no matter what they do they will not be able to bring back the lives of all of the fallen American citizens that died in that horrific terrorist attack. One positive thing about these horrible attacks is that the country became closer and stronger as a country and that we learned how to try and fight it off in the future. The United States has been using counterterrorism tactics to fight any future terrorist attacks. By definition counterterrorism is the practice, techniques, and strategies that governments, militaries, and police departments adopt to attack terrorist threats and acts. In a segment on National Public Radio it was stated that people believe that 9/11 was an embarrassment to the United States because they did not ever think that anything could happen to us on US soil. When they were warned that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction, they did notShow MoreRelatedTerrorism : A Global Issue Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesAngela Brown Professor Miller English 112 13 Sept 2015 Terrorism Many of us will embrace our loved ones before leaving our homes to start a hectic workday. As we hug our children and kiss our spouses goodbye, the thought of losing them, or our lives to acts of terrorism, is typically not one to cross our minds. On September 11, 2001, this mere thought became the reality for many families. The eleventh of September will forever be remembered as the date a terrorist organization, known as al-QaedaRead MoreA Look At The Main Goals Of Terrorism Essay1715 Words   |  7 PagesKristen Resh War and Peace Henderson A Look at the Main Goals of Terrorism While terrorism dates back to around 1 BCE, it has become much more prominent in our everyday lives within the past few decades. We are constantly worried about the next attack, when it is going to happen, and where it will be. Whether it is physical or cyber, terrorism is one of the top concerns for the United States. Although it is extremely difficult to define, the U.S. Department of Defense describes it as â€Å"the calculatedRead MoreRemembering 9/11 through the Lens of Hollywood: A Detailed Analysis1240 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the PATRIOT Act of 2001 that was signed into law by the formal President George W. Bush, to the flags that fluttered in the front yard of every American’s house, the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001 brought the whole nation together for a single goal of fighting back terrorism and getting through the test that America was put to. Everybody’s loyalty is getting tested since then towards the United States, and one cannot put aside H ollywood. Its reaction through the movies contributed theRead MoreThe Three Views of Conflict: How Criminal Justice Agencies Function in the Midst of Conflict1115 Words   |  5 Pagesshould be avoided. When there is poor communication in a group or a lack of openness, the end result is conflict among the members of the group. For example, a new officer is transferred from a patrol into the tactical unit, as the patrol finger print technician. Another officer that’s in the same squad takes an immediate dislike to the new officer. She sabotages the officer’s work and constantly startS arguments with her and other officers in the unit. This conflict is counterproductive, becauseRead MoreThe September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks on America: The Division of Nations and Views1672 Words   |  7 PagesThe September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on America divided two nations, yet knit one closer like the attacks on Pearl Harbor. There were many events that lead up to 9/11 that were only the beginning. The attacks on the World Trade Center in 2001 was the finale. George Bush wrote in his diary, â€Å"The Pearl Harbor of the 21st century happened today†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (George Bush). This attack was a surprise, just like Pearl Harbor, but the U.S. reacted swiftly and effectively. The appalling events Now, more than aRead MoreTerrorism : Terrorism Is The Reason For Such Events1852 Words   |  8 PagesBefore terrorism can be discussed in this paper, it must first be explained. Terrorism is the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims. In other words, terrorism is the reason for such events like 9/11. You may think to yourself, why would the events of 9/11 happen in the first place? Well the answer may be a little tricky. First, the 9/11 attacks were a series of four coordinated attacks by the Islamic group Al-Qaeda on the United States on the morning of Tuesday, SeptemberRead MoreHomeland Security1093 Words   |  5 Pages† We the people of the United States are willing to give away our natural born rights to be a safer nation. Millions of innocent lives were lost on 9-11-01. A problem not widely discussed in the United States much until September 11, 2001 the date of the attack from terrorist organizations on the world trade centers’ New York towers in New York City. The United States of America has not worried much about self-defense or in this case homeland security. Due to the actions on September 11th homelandRead More Law Enforcement Innovations in Reaction to The 9/11 Terrorist Attacks and the Virginia Tech Massacre1084 Words   |  5 PagesCenter towers in New York City on September 11, 2001 has changed the way federal, state and local police departments communicate with each other, their structures, and operations. The new federal organization known as Homeland Security set out to coordinate their work at the state level, collect, analyze and share pertinent information and intelligence, protect key infrastructure and assets, secure the nation’s borders and ports, team up with federal and local task forces, and prepare new response trainingRead MoreUnited States Northern Command ( Usnorthcom )1564 Words   |  7 Pagesall domains, borders and agencies. Accordingly, our political leaders recognized a need to transform the military for a new ‘home game’. United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) was established to assume responsibility for the defence of the US homeland, and this new Command was tasked to provide military assistance to civil authorities (MACA). Douglas Rogers, our New York expert, visited the museum when it opened. He said: Every victim of the 2001 and the earlier 1993 attack on the World TradeRead MoreTerrorism : A Systematic Weapon Of War1320 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Terrorism has become a systematic weapon of a war that knows no border or seldom has a face† - Jacques Chirac, September 24th, 1986. As Mr. Chirac says Terrorism has become a systematic weapon of war. This does not just mean the US and its allies this mean on a global scale in Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, North and South America the whole planet is affected. Even the countries that support groups like ISIS and al-Qaeda are affected by the bombing that we send. This War knows no borders while

Young Misleading Love in Romeo and Juliet - 1277 Words

Young love is a very deep immature feeling, which tends to misguide those affected by it, and the affected ones fall too deeply in love, which leads to a tendency of self-destruction. The concept of the young misguiding love is emphasized in the drama, Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare. Romeo and Juliet are young when they first see each other and make the mistake of loving each other without knowing their family names. Their deep love without any understanding of the concept of love leads to the young lovers committing suicide, which is a rash decision. They do not embrace their situation, and think about other solutions other than suicide. Romeo and Juliet act on impulse and make rash decisions without thinking about the†¦show more content†¦He jumps right in, and tells Balthasar to get the horses ready at once. Romeo and Juliet’s lack of maturity also causes them to love one another without a limit. They are too immature to realize that the feeling of love s hould not conquer common sense and reasoning. They love each other too such an extreme, that they are inseparable; and once separated, they are willing to go up to any extent to be loyal to each other and their love. This idea is strongly emphasized when Juliet is willing to kill herself rather than marry Paris which proves that she is loyal to her love. Romeo, in return, kills himself after he sees Juliet dead, which shows that he too is loyal to his love. Romeo and Juliet are both young and immature when they fall in love with each other, and their immaturity results in them not understanding that love has its limits. The young lovers love to an extreme neglecting love’s limits, which leads to them not taking mature decisions and steps, but rather rashly and abruptly on impulse to honor their love for each other. Romeo and Juliet feel such a burden to honor their love for each other that they end up committing suicide. Romeo and Juliet’s excessive love and blind love are the most powerful ingredients to their self-destruction. The young lovers, Romeo and Juliet’s idolatry for each other symbolizes excessive love by them willing to go against their families and committing suicide at theShow MoreRelatedRomeo And Juliet Research Paper970 Words   |  4 Pagesplay Romeo and Juliet, William Shakespeare shows that young love is deceptive. Shakespeare does this by noting how Romeo and Juliet do not actually love each other. This is represented by Romeo and Juliets actions and rash decision making. Their decisions are very impulsive and rushed. As a result, it impacted them negatively in the future and as well as their relationship. Romeo and Juliet’s love for each other is not actually how love really is. They’ve mistakenly confused lust for love. TheirRead MoreRomeo and Juliet Gender Roles1251 Words   |  6 PagesGender Roles in Romeo and Juliet In Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, Juliet resorts to conniving and shrewd ways in order to control her destiny and free herself from her confined existence. Contrary to the critics who view Juliet as innocent, childish and immature, Juliet’s habits of manipulating people–particularly the men in her life, expressly Romeo–through simulating maleness implies a parallel between the approaches falconers (mostly males) use to train their falcons (mostly females)Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1325 Words   |  6 PagesMisleading is defined as: â€Å"a person who is deceptive or sends someone in the wrong direction.† Sometimes misleading gets people out of trouble or helps somebody out in a case. In this case though the Friar mislead these kids Romeo and Juliet where they shouldn’t have been lead. In Shakespeare’s â€Å"Romeo and Juliet†, Friar Lawrence’s impulsive decisions contributes to the deaths o f Romeo and Juliet. First off, in beginning of the play the the families the Montague’s and the Capulet’s have had aRead MoreLove, Lust, and Tragedy in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1768 Words   |  8 PagesLove is the forceful attraction between two people blossomed from desire and intimacy. Lust is physical manifestation of what many would call love, but in reality this feeling can bend the will of any man and woman alike. Lust is power, it is passion, and it can motivate. One thing love and lust has in common: they have the ability to kill. Thus tragedy strikes a wary, yet inevitable, sentiment every person experiences at least once in their lifetime. Love in William Shakespeare’s Romeo and JulietRead MoreThe Benefit of Reading Comic Book887 Words   |  4 Pagesprobably the most popular form of reading material for young people in Hong Kong. Write an essay comic books which deal with all the following points: - why these books are so popular - the advantages and disadvantages of reading such books - how comic books can be used for educational purposes Justify your views by providing reasons. Reading comic books— a relaxing, joying and learning activity Spiderman or War and Peace? Batman or Romeo and Juliet? Dragonball or Antony and Cleopatra? If takingRead MoreThe Benefit of Reading Comic Book877 Words   |  4 Pagesthe most popular form of reading material for young people in Hong Kong. Write an essay comic books which deal with all the following points: - why these books are so popular - the advantages and disadvantages of reading such books - how comic books can be used for educational purposes Justify your views by providing reasons. Reading comic books— a relaxing, joying and learning activity Spiderman or War and Peace? Batman or Romeo and Juliet? Dragonball or Antony and Cleopatra? IfRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Life And The Elizabethan Age Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagesand the events unfolding around him is such a great way that he had to write them down as a play or a sonnet. To feel so in love that you would write, â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a Summer s day†, Sonnet 18. He uses the act of comparison between different things he loves. In his book, Will of the World, Stephen Greenblatt suggested this is how King Lear was to get started. Young William was rock by his mother as she sang â€Å"Pillycock, pillycock, ate on a hill, If he’s not gone - he sits there still† (GreenblattRead MoreEmily Brontà «s Wuthring Heights2340 Words   |  10 Pagesthroughout her novel. The main theme of the novel includes possession-love-hate-death and revenge. The main characters Catherine and Heathcliff reflect these themes in various styles for example, Heathcliff is possessed to Catherine, he loves not any other woman, Catherine states â€Å"I am Heathcliff†, this illustrates the obsession between them and around them Catherine states this quote to Nelly who is her nanny, their deep love affair will one day effect their lives deeply and it does, they agglutinateRead MoreVarian Solution153645 Words   |  615 Pagesthat the shape of the line you draw reï ¬â€šects the features required by the problem. This gives you one indiï ¬â‚¬erence curve. Now pick another point that is preferred to the ï ¬ rst one you drew and draw an indiï ¬â‚¬erence curve through it. Example: Jocasta loves to dance and hates housecleaning. She has strictly convex preferences. She prefers dancing to any other activity and never gets tired of dancing, but the more time she spends cleaning house, the less happy she is. Let us try to draw an indiï ¬â‚¬erence

Bible free essay sample

There are many accounts in the Bible that state God as the creator. Genesis 1 and 2 are both creation stories but slightly differ in their accounts; Genesis 1 is a day by day account of all the things God created in not so much detail whereas Genesis 2 explains the creation story in a way that focuses more on the creation of man and woman than just the lands. Having two accounts of the creation story means that it is easier to come up with your own conclusion as to how the earth was created. The first line of Genesis 1 is â€Å"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth† There is no explanation as to where God came from or why He is there, He just exists and creates the heavens and the earth. This alone is showing God as the creator. Genesis then carries on to state all the things God created all with no scientific or physical proof or evidence as to why and how God is doing so. â€Å"So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them† This quote is from line 27 and is on the 6th day. The repetition of the word ‘created’ is enforcing to the reader that God is the creator of everything and this is done so that there is no doubt in the readers mind whether God is the creator or not. God creating man and woman in his own image is showing that we are superior to other beings such as animals which shows that God is the humans superior. Being made in Gods image is his way of blessing the humans in life as we are made in the ‘Creators’ image. â€Å"Rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This quote is saying that God is passing down his ‘ruler ship’ on to the humans. This means that God is starting to ‘back away’ from his previous role and now feels that he has created a world that the inhabitants (humans) can look after. Genesis two is another creation story but has a few differences to Genesis 1. While Genesis 1 speaks a lot more of the specifics of how and when each part of the earth was made, Genesis 2 speaks a whole lot more about the creation of humans rather than the land. The most time that the creation of land is mentioned is at the beginning of Genesis 2. â€Å"This is the account of the heavens and the earth when they were created. When the LORD God made the earth and the heavens-â€Å" This is the first thing said in Genesis 2 and it is stating that God is the creator. It says that God created both the heavens and the earth; there is never any question or vagueness about God creating the heavens and the earth it is all very matter of fact. Although Genesis 2 doesn’t always speak of God ‘creating’ things it often personifies God in such a way that he is planting or making objects. â€Å"And the LORD God made all kinds of trees grow out of the ground-â€Å" This quote doesn’t say that God created the trees but made them grow from the ground, this is essentially saying that He created them as it was the first sighting of trees but is said in a different way as so not to force the ‘creation’ down your throat like Genesis 1 does. This is so that you can come to your own conclusion about which one is more plausible or correct but there is still no doubt as to god being the creator. Job 38 from the Book of Job is a story of how Satan and God have a disagreement where Satan was saying that Job only worships God because he is prosperous in his life, God then agrees to take away all his possessions and leave him with nothing to show Satan that Job would still worship him even if he was left with nothing. Job’s three friends Eliphaz, Bildad and Zophar try to comfort Job but they end up doing the opposite and tell Job that the reason for all his losses is because he has sinned and now God is making him suffer. In the end Job has had enough and questions God, this makes God angry and then Job has a better understanding and realises that he should have trusted God all along. God then returns all of Jobs health and possession in better amounts than they previously were. This story is God showing his power and his superiority to humans. â€Å"Where were you when I laid the earth’s foundation? † This is God saying that he is mightier than any human and they do not compare to His power. This is also showing that God is omnipotent and that we know nothing compared to him. This is all enforcing that God is the creator and better than all the humans. â€Å"Have you ever given orders to the morning, or shown the dawn it’s place,† This is saying that God has dominance over everything in the world, humans and nature. After Gods account of all his majestic works (such as the world and humans) and power, Job has to acknowledge God’s right as creator to do as he pleases and to not be questioned. Job is essentially the personification of all humans who do not believe god as the creator, Job doubted God and his ability so god became angry; this is supposedly what happens every time someone doubts God. Psalm 8 is a song about the lord God and his creation. â€Å"You have set your glory above the heavens† While this quote form the first verse isn’t directly linked to God being the creator it is saying that God has stated his glory in a way that so far in this psalm we do not know yet, we know that God has glory which could mean he has done something great. â€Å"When I consider the heavens, the work of your fingers† Now we start to work out what it is that causes God to have glory, â€Å"the work of your fingers† we are literally told that God has made the heavens with his ‘fingers’. This personification of God shows that people saw him as one of them but also appreciated his greater power, this could possibly relate to humans being made in God’s image. â€Å"you made him a little lower than the heavenly beings† This quote is, like Job 38, stating God’s dominance over the humans. God made humans a little lower than heavenly beings so that they knew their place and that they were lesser than himself ‘the creator’.

The Shack by William P. Young - Book Review

'The Shack' by William P. Young - Book Review The Bottom Line The Shack by William P. Young has become a phenomenon. This book originally written by Young for his kids was rejected by mainstream and Christian publishers alike. Young and friends started their own publishing house to produce it, and now there are more than one million copies in print and it has topped bestsellers charts for weeks. The Shack does not have amazing character depth, and the dialogue sometimes seems forced; however, it is a thought-provoking book that is a worth reading as an entry into thinking about suffering and Gods role in the world. Pros The Shack delves into some of lifes biggest questionsThe Shack is easy to readThe Shack provides an artistic avenue for understanding Christian truths Cons The dialogue is forced some parts are cheesy - This isnt great literatureThere are some theological holes Description The Shack is published by Windblown Media.Published: May 2007253 pages Guide Review - The Shack by William P. Young - Book Review The Shack by William P. Young is a story about Mack, a man whose daughter is kidnapped and brutally murdered. A few years after her murder, Mack receives an invitation from God to meet Him at the shack where they found his daughters bloody clothes. Mack goes and works through the meaning of suffering as he spends the weekend with the Trinity, uniquely portrayed (God the Father is a large black woman, for instance). Why is The Shack so popular? Is it actually a must read? To the first question, I can only say that I think The Shack is asking some of the most important questions people can ask, and exploring the answers in a way that is very accessible. While reading, I understood its appeal these are the very questions that I wrestle with in my heart, and Young works through them in a very comforting way. As to whether The Shack is a must read, Id say, that depends. It sort of reminds me of the words, I love you. There is nothing especially unique about them, and they are extremely overused. From certain people or in certain situations, you are likely to dismiss or even be infuriated by hearing them uttered. Of course, from the right person, hearing them can be one of the most powerful experiences of your life. So with The Shack. This is a decidedly Christian answer in a somewhat shallow story with forced dialogue. Its not the best writing in the world, but I can easily see how if you read The Shack at the right moment, it has the power to change your life. I know Im still thinking about it, and I received enough gems from the novel to recommend it to others.

Free Money Persuasive Speech Essays

Free Money Persuasive Speech Essays Free Money Persuasive Speech Essay Free Money Persuasive Speech Essay for example, you invested in a one year CD or certificate of deposit, starting in year four, you would have $1040 as an initial investment. Here is a spreadsheet I created showing what you would earn within 10 years at the current CD rate of 5. 15%. You will also see on this spreadsheet your savings if you saved $20 a week on your grocery bill. This would give you an initial investment of $1040 starting with year one. You would be adding 1040 each year in savings plus your interest each year. I found the current CD rates at bankrate. com. There are many investment opportunities that could increase your coupon savings if you chose to invest. This what can be done if you are serious about saving money by clipping coupons. Here are a couple of pages posted on forums. amily. com. You can see exactly how much they saved on their grocery bills per month and year. It is broken down in great detail. Here is a spreadsheet showing how much could be earned if these savings were invested in a CD or other investment. We are talking enough money for JR Sheila to buy a new car. So where do you find coupons? Two great sources are your newspaper and online. I clip coupons out of the Belleville News Democrat. My favorite is coupon bar. com. Here you will find various sources for coupons, and you can download it to your tool bar, so the latest coupons are only a click away. The book free Money Free Stuff includes coupon clipping as one of its strategies for obtaining free and low cost items. It also has other good information for saving money. Coupons can also be found online and in newspapers for entertainment, dining out, merchandise specific catalogs and stores. You can use a coupon organizer if you want or just put them in your wallet like I do. We all eat out, buy groceries, buy clothing, go to movies and other entertainment, so why not do these things for less. Would you throw money out the window? That’s what you do every time you miss an opportunity to use coupons. You are offering to pay more money for something than what you have to pay if you use coupons. Let’s review the value of clipping coupons. Coupons can save you money that can help you pay bills, make a purchase, save for your college education, save for your children’s college education or start a retirement fund. There is no out of pocket expense in order to reap these benefits, just a very small portion of your time. Let’s look at the flip side of the coin. If you don’t clip coupons, you won’t have extra money to help with expenses and purchases. You may have to take out a loan for purchases and expenses and incur interest expense as well. If you were diligent in your quest to save, you could be $75,000 richer in ten years. When you buy a lottery ticket your odds are 1 in several million that you will win. With coupons there are no odds, just solid savings. Coupons are free money for the taking. Take the time to clip coupons out of the newspaper or get them online. It only takes a few minutes of your time and saves you money that you can use for whatever however you choose. Capital One asks What’s in your wallet. I can tell you what won’t be in your wallet, if you don’t take advantage of coupons, money.

The Definition of Conduction in Physics

The Definition of Conduction in Physics Conduction refers to the transfer of energy through the movement of particles that are in contact with each other. In physics, the word conduction is used to describe three different types of behavior, which are defined by the type of energy being transferred: Heat conduction (or thermal conduction) is the transfer of energy from a warmer substance to a colder one through direct contact, such as someone touching the handle of a hot metal skillet.Electrical conduction is the transfer of electrically charged particles through a medium, such as electricity traveling through the power lines in  your house.Sound conduction (or acoustic conduction) is the transfer of sound waves through a medium, such as vibrations from loud music passing through a wall. A material that provides good conduction is called a conductor, while a material that provides poor conduction is called an  insulator. Heat Conduction Heat conduction can be understood, on the atomic level, as particles physically transferring  heat energy as they come into physical contact with neighboring particles. This is similar to the explanation of heat by the kinetic theory of gases, though the transfer of heat within a gas or liquid is usually referred to as convection. The rate of heat transfer over time is called the heat current, and it is determined by the thermal conductivity of the material, a quantity that indicates the ease with which heat is conducted within the material. For example, if an iron bar is heated at one end, as shown in the image above, the heat is understood physically as the vibration of the individual iron atoms within the bars. The atoms on the cooler side of the bar vibrate with less energy. As the energetic particles vibrate, they come into contact with adjacent iron atoms and impart some of their energy to those other iron atoms. Over time, the hot end of the bar loses energy and the cool end of the bar gains energy, until the entire bar is the same temperature. This is a state known as thermal equilibrium. In considering heat transfer, though, the above example is missing one important point: the iron bar is not an isolated system. In other words, not all of the energy from the heated iron atom is transferred by conduction into the adjacent iron atoms. Unless its being held suspended by an insulator in a vacuum chamber, the iron bar is also in physical contact with a table or anvil or another object, and it is also in contact with the air around it. As air particles come into contact with the bar, they too will gain energy and carry it away from the bar (though slowly, because the thermal conductivity of unmoving air is very small). The bar is also so hot that it is glowing, which means that it is radiating some of its heat energy in the form of light. This is another way in which the vibrating atoms are losing energy. If left alone, the bar will eventually cool down and reach thermal equilibrium with the surrounding air. Electrical Conduction Electrical conduction happens when a material allows an electrical current to pass through it. Whether this is possible depends on the physical structure of how the electrons are bound within the material and how easily the atoms can release one or more of their outer electrons to neighboring atoms. The degree to which a material inhibits the conduction of an electrical current is called the materials electrical resistance. Certain materials, when cooled to nearly absolute zero, lose all electrical resistance and allow electrical current to flow through them with no loss of energy. These materials are called superconductors. Sound Conduction Sound is physically created by vibrations, so it is perhaps the most obvious example of conduction. A sound causes the atoms within a material, liquid, or gas to vibrate and transmit, or conduct, the sound through the material. A sonic insulator is a material whose individual atoms do not easily vibrate, making it ideal for use in soundproofing.

(not specified) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(not specified) - Essay Example He obviously suffers from intellectual pretensions and a false sense of superiority, considering himself to be â€Å"a unique figure† (Joyce, 5) among ordinary people. His delusions of adventurism and revolutionary socialism are belied by the dreary routine of his life. Except for the saving grace of his feeling for music, nothing relieves the emptiness of his days – he even â€Å"reads his evening paper for dessert†! (Joyce 6). The uncarpeted rooms and blank walls of his house, the gloomy landscape from his window, and the abandoned distillery all highlight the emptiness of his life. One of the most ‘painful’ characteristics of Mr. Duffy’s personality is obviously his attempt to insulate himself from emotion by avoiding any personal contact with people. He lives â€Å"as far as possible from the city of which he was a citizen,† (Joyce, 3). Joyce’s statement that â€Å"He had neither companions nor friends, church nor creed† (p.4), is indisputable proof of the barrenness of Mr. Duffy’s emotional life. He lets nothing, not even the death of his father, disrupt the tedious tenor of his routine. One cannot but suspect that his criticism of â€Å"an obtuse middle class, (Joyce, 5) is only an excuse to justify his inaction on all fronts and limit his contact with people. Mr. Duffy’s relationship with Emily Sinico gives him the opportunity to break out of his emotional cocoon. He is willing to share his pseudo-intellectual life with her, and basks in her admiration of his mental pretensions. However, it is beyond his nature to open himself up to her offer of love. He fears to allow the emotionalizing of his mental life proceed to the logical conclusion of the sharing of physical love. He refuses to move from the sterile pseudo-intellectual plane to the passionate level of emotion. His selfishness permits him to use Emily only in the role he has assigned to her- that of â€Å"his

Risk Assessment for Non-profit Hospital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Risk Assessment for Non-profit Hospital - Essay Example book as a whole provides the readers with a comprehensive view of multiple risk assessment techniques along with a detailed analysis of current methodologies and concepts in risk assessment practices. It clearly defines the concept of risk assessment giving specific focus to the current day ‘messy business’ environment. Hospital Data Project (HDP) is a project initiated by the European Union Health Monitoring Programme (HMP), and it intends ‘to develop comparable hospital utilization data and indicators between Member States (MS)’. This data, loaded into the Commission’s pilot system has turned to be the hub of health information. The document describes the objectives of HDP with regard to data collection methodology and the creation of a pilot data set. This book is an excellent source of information on emerging trends, legal requirements, and challenges associated with internal information transfers and SSH integration. It gives a good account of SSH2 as a reliable tool that complies with the latest standards of communication security norms. This book is a ‘must read’ for learners of advanced risk assessment practices. This excerpt from online encyclopedia gives a brief account of Nessus-one of the most comprehensive vulnerability scanning program available today. It describes how the program helps clients to assess the level of their system’s vulnerability to data theft or virus attack. The website gives very detailed information about the vulnerability scanning tool-Nessus. The site has included several frequently asked questions and their answers along with the basic instructions for its users. One who goes through the site will get a clear idea of the total functions of Nessus. The relevance of this book is clear as it has been stated in the introduction, â€Å"each technical advance brings new security holes†. It reminds us of the incessant threat persisting over the internet which has the potential to assault thousands of computers in no

Eva Smiths Diary Essay Example for Free

Eva Smiths Diary Essay Only a few days left to go, and my holidays will be over. Its wonderful having all this time to myself, to do as I please. But I have so little money left. No work, and no pay. God, how I hate those machines. The noise keeps ringing in my head, and when they break down, I cant earn any money, because Im not working! I wish with all my heart I could afford to stay home forever. But things are so expensive, prices go up all the time. Its all right if you own the grubby factory, but if youre like me, you can end up working yourself to death just to make ends meet. Its not fair. Those greedy fat men in their luxurious offices with their ugly wives and spoilt brats! The girls on the machines are the ones who are making all the money for them, while they just sit on their big backsides. We should have a pay rise, by rights. Now that would make history! Back to work today. My stomach kept rumbling because I couldnt afford much breakfast. Moneys tight. The other girls were saying how its the same for most of them. Most of us hadnt eaten since the day before so we were all slow to begin with. We were glad to be back for the money.  I asked Mr Birling if I could have my money early. He let me, and wasnt that surprised, probably because most of the girls asked for the same thing.  When I got home, I bought some food, paid my bills, and all the usual things. I only had eight bob left out of twenty-two and six. This has been one of the worst days of my life. Things have been getting worse. Everyone at work thinks so. We work long hours, and get so little for it. None of us can manage on such low wages. Birlings make a good profit, they can afford to pay us more. We all got together and agreed to ask for a pay rise nothing less than twenty five shillings a week. So we did. I ended up doing most of the talking. Mr. Birling wasnt having it, and told us to go and work somewhere else if we didnt like it. That man must have never opened his eyes when he walks on the streets, how can he not understand why we need the money, he cant honestly say he cant afford it and we dont deserve it. So we carried on for a while, but people were angry. We decided that the only thing for it was to go on strike. What else could we do? By the end of the day, everyone agreed. All for one and one for all! We were all in the same boat but as the days went by with no wages coming in at all it just got harder, especially for the girls with kiddies at home. After two weeks Birling locked us out and said hed replace us with new workers, or we could go back straightaway on the old wages. Well, you could understand why some of the girls wanted to go back. Their children needed food. It was humiliating. I went up to the door but Birling stood there and said Not you, Miss Smith, you must have heard me say that I would not permit the ringleaders back on the premises. I saw red, and told him exactly what I thought of him and his premises. Men like him treat people like slaves, what choice does a woman with a sick baby have but to meekly obey a tyrant like him? He threatened to have me arrested, if I didnt leave his property forthwith I left. When I got home I gathered my things, settled up, and moved out. For the time being I am living in digs until I can find another job, which wont be easy now Ive been sacked. Ive lost a lot of friends through this business, too. I havent got much money left from my job at Birlings, but hopefully it will just about see me through till I can find work again. Im so tired now. What was it all for? Good news at last! Ive managed to get a position at Milwards, the most exclusive shop in town. Now Im a Milwards Assistant. This has come just in time. I am nearly out of money, but today could be the start of a new life for me. I been working now for two days, and I am getting on well. The people seem very nice. The pay is better than the workshop; at least operators and filthy machinery do not surround me. Its so much nicer to be working in an elegant shop with all those beautiful clothes I can only dream of wearing. The customers are so grand, some of them, the aristocracy. Others are just mutton dressed up as lamb (like the Birlings!) Ive lost my job at Milwards.  A spoilt, ugly girl, related to the Birlings! She was trying on some clothes that only made her look even less attractive than she already was, my friend, who was helping her choose something suitable knew this, even her own mother knew it. But the young miss was just being stubborn and really sulky about it. When she tried on this dress that made her look absolutely ridiculous, my friend turned around and silently snorted her nose as if she was being a pig. The Birling girl must have seen me smile behind her from the mirror or something. She was so furious. Then I got fired.

Declining Ethics in American Culture Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive

Declining Ethics in American Culture It is unfortunate to see how ethics in the American culture are constantly declining. People’s moral values are below normal societal standards, which is why, the older generations are outraged by the way things are now, and become rather upset and feel disturbed towards society. Furthermore, religion has lost its value throughout the years. In the essay, "Do Kids Need Religion?" by Anthony Brandt, he underlines the idea of how religion is not properly taught or provided to children. In Wendy Shalit’s essay, "The Future of Modesty," she discusses how much modesty has reached its worst in the younger generations, however society is beginning to raise these standards once again. Nonetheless, education has also lost its honor code. Mark Clayton calls attention to how cheating is becoming incredibly common among students throughout the United States in his essay, "A Whole Lot of Cheatin’ Going on." In fact, it is obvious that American culture is declining fast in ethics, especially in religion, dating, and education. First, religion has often played an important role in people’s lives, however its significance continues to decrease in recent decades. Parents do not pass on faith or beliefs onto their children, because most parents do not have faith or beliefs. These parents believe it would be hypocritical to teach their children about being spiritual, when they are not spiritual themselves. Children often go to their parents with questions regarding matters such as death, life, and God, but "Western culture is so secularized that parents can evade or dismiss 'religious' questions without feeling that they’re merely getting themselves off the hook" (Brandt 193). In contrast wit... ...eginning to realize the need to raise the ethical standards of American culture. Works Cited Brandt, Anthony. "Do Kids Need Religion." The Presence of others: Voices and Images that Call for Response. Ed. Andrea A. Lunsford, John J. Ruszkiewicz. New York: St. Martin’s 2000. 191-198. Clayton, Mark. "A Whole Lot of Cheatin’ Going On." The Presence of others: Voices and Images that Call for Response. Ed. Andrea A. Lunsford, John J. Ruszkiewicz. New York: St. Martin’s 2000. 185-189. News Hour Online. "Religion in America." 2 Dec. 2001 http://www.pbs.org/newshour/. Religion-Online. "Teen-age Sexuality and Public Morality." 2 Dec. 2001 http://www.religion-online.org/. Shalit, Wendy. "The Future of Modesty." The Presence of others: Voices and Images that Call for Response. Ed. Andrea A. Lunsford, John J. Ruszkiewicz. New York: St. Martin’s 2000. 214-220.

A simple exchange of niceties

A simple exchange of niceties An insecure, pregnant, presumably young woman, who finds a certain security in a bench – that is what the short story, A simple exchange of niceties, written by the author Joanne Feeder, is about. The narrator makes everything depend on how the bench defines her and what it brings to her life. When it is occupied, she walks past it and accepts it. When it is not, she feels as if it is hers entirely and gets annoyed when other people come and sit next to her.So the day that someone does sit next to her, and not only that, but also talks to her about their problems, she again lets the bench decide err fate and destiny. The Story is written in first person narrator's point Of view. The narrator is a presumably young girl, who got pregnant. She did not plan her pregnancy. She is a very insecure girl, who throughout the story uses a lot of negative language towards herself. In general her language is very young, informal and very much spoken language.S he uses terms like â€Å"to be scraped out of me† (page 1 line 5) â€Å"it was a bucking cigarette that got me into this mess at the first place† (page 2 line 51) when talking about her future abortion and how smoking is bad for a pregnant woman. The story is filled with her thoughts and inputs such as â€Å"Did it look like didn't mind† (page 2 line 72). This makes the readers get a more personal connection with the narrator, since not only her situation, but also her thoughts about it are explained. That the narrator is insecure is showed during the story.How the guy she got pregnant with and her best friend, Barbie, calls her a trashy where and she just accepts it. She has no opinion of her own. This may have started with her bad relationship with her mother. She feels unloved by her mother, feels as if she were a mistake that should have never been born. She feels she is someone who would never go anywhere in life, someone who could never accomplish anything . Again she is very hard on her insecure self, never even asking the mother if this was the actual case. The narrator does not like other people, is shy and afraid of sharing her bench.The bench is her safe place, something that is always there, almost like a friend she has. The bench might stand for how she is afraid to share intimacy. The intimacy of sharing a bench, sitting next to each other and having a conversation. The intimacy of sharing a relationship. Whenever money sets next to her on what she sees as â€Å"her bench†, she gets upset and feels like her personal space has been invaded. In the text she explains how she does not mind sharing, it is not that, she just wants to have an exchange of niceties and that is it. It's not that I don't like sharing. I'd give anyone the shirt off my back or the food off my plate†¦ I just like to be consulted first† (page 1 line 20). But how can she not be okay with sharing her bench, when she is okay with sharing other stuff? Even with the exchange of niceties, she still gets annoyed and feels invaded of her personal space. But as she meets the other woman in the story, this changes. She is annoyed at the beginning. We hear about all her prejudices, such as how the other woman is drinking from a water bottle and how the narrator finds this pretentious.Again the need to be alone shows, she is trying to avoid the woman's crying and sharing of personal problems. But the woman's problem affects the narrator. They are similar. They both have an obsessive relationship with that particular bench. They both feel it's their own. But beyond that, they are opposites. She is going through the beginning of an unwanted pregnancy while the other woman has en trying to conceive for years. Hearing these problems on the bench seem to affect her, because she gets the idea to â€Å"share† her baby -? or rather give it away to the other woman.She wants to do something nice, and since she does not want it anywa y, why not give it to someone who wants it very much? For the first time, she could do something with a purpose and it was because of what she experienced on her dear bench. â€Å"It was the first time I ever thought about coincidence and fate and all that stuff; you know, where all the pieces just fall together† (page 4 line 35) – she explains how she never thought about fate before, when in reality she had always been letting the bench decide for her, letting the bench be there for here.And this was no different. As she carried the child to term, she never saw the other woman again. But it did not really matter; she had started to grow maternal love for her unborn child. â€Å"I was never tempted, not even once, to spend it on myself' (page 5 line 165) she explains when talking about how her mother sent her money for the child. Her fate was now to keep it, for the child to be hers. The moment on he bench had changed her fate about aborting it. But the fact that she never met the other woman again changed her fate again -? she was now meant to keep it.After she has giving birth, she is at the hospital with her mother. It is the happiest we hear her being throughout the entire text, so being on the bench that day really changed her life. But maybe now she would not need to visit it so often? Her messy life might still be messy, but in the end of the story, she has a lot of different people to also rely on to be friends, to be the one that waits for her when no one else does. She is not so lonely anymore.

Ida B. Wells and the Reconstruction of Race by James W. Davidson Essay

Ida B. Wells, an African-American woman, and feminist, shaped the image of empowerment and citizenship during post-reconstruction times. The essays, books, and newspaper articles she wrote, instigated the dialogue of race struggles between whites and blacks, while her personal narratives, including two diaries, a travel journal, and an autobiography, recorded the personal struggle of a woman to define womanhood during post-emancipation America. The novel, _THEY SAY: IDA B. WELLS AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF RACE_ , provides an insight into how Ida B. Wells’s life paralleled that of African-Americans trying to gain citizenship and empowerment in post-slavery America. From the beginning, Ida B. Wells was shaped by firm moral convictions and religious beliefs taught to her by her mother and father. Ida B. Wells was born to Jim and Elizabeth Wells in Holly Springs, Mississippi, on July 16, 1862. Ida B. Wells attended Shaw University until the deaths of her parents and youngest brother during the yellow fever epidemic that claimed her parents’ lives in less than a week. She mentioned in her diary that her parents would â€Å"turn in their graves† if her remaining family were to be separated, so at sixteen, she became a schoolteacher, in order to support her brothers and sisters so they would not be given to different parents and separated. Later, she began teaching in Woodstock, Tennessee, a rural  community in Shelby County, but moved to Memphis when she obtained a position in the public schools in 1884. During this year in Memphis, Ida B. Wells sued the Chesapeake, Ohio and Southwestern Railroads after she was lifted and carried out and removed from the first-class ladies’ coach by the train conductor. In December 1884 the circuit court ruled in her favor, but three years later the Tennessee Supreme Court reversed the decision. That experience prompted Ida B. Wells to write letters to Memphis weeklies and, later, to African American newspapers like the _New York Freeman_ and _Gate City Press_. During her tenure as a writer for these papers, Ida B. Wells wrote several articles, such as â€Å"Our Women† and â€Å"Race Pride.† These articles showed that Ida B. Wells was becoming more and more focused with African-American equality and issues with prejudice, and also with gender issues as a woman living in this time, especially an African-American woman. During this time, Ida B. Wells was becoming more and more noticed for her militant attitude in her writings. She became ostracized for her outspoken nature and blunt writings. Although criticized by the white community, she began to influence other black writers to realize their need for empowerment, and they began to speak out against their injustices. Between 1885 and 1887 Ida B. Wells kept a diary describing her struggle as a single professional woman. Ida B. Wells wrote about her life as an independent woman, committed to working, self-improvement, and uplifting the black race. She recorded acts of mob violence, such as the act of mob-lynching black men by white men, for committing lewd acts against white women. Oftentimes, there was not any sufficient evidence to prove these men guilty, and Ida B. Wells wrote about the prejudice they faced by not going through due process of law before convicted and lynched. Ida B. Wells wrote the loss of her suit against the railroad companies as well. In addition, she wrote about conferences in Kansas and Kentucky, where she was elected secretary of the Negro Press Association. Two years later, she bought an interest in the Memphis _Free Speech and  Headlight_ and became a full-time journalist in 1891. During this time, Ida B. Wells lost her teaching position in the Tennessee County School Systems because of editorials attacking inferior segregated schools. After three African-American grocers were brutally murdered by a white Memphis mob in March 1892, Ida B. Wells wrote fiery editorials urging citizens to flee the city. She talked about how the act of lynching was a racist strategy to eliminate black men by means of racism. Ida B. Wells was also outspoken about the charges of rape against African-American men. Ida B. Wells believed that these charges were trying to hide the consensual relations between white women and African-American men. Whites were so shocked and infuriated by these allegations that they destroyed her newspaper office while Wells was away and dared her to return to Memphis. Not intimidated by any of the white men’s threats, Wells kept a gun in her house and advised that guns should be kept in the homes of all African-Americans during that time, as a means for protection. Ida B. Wells also bought an interest in the _New York Age_ and wrote two weekly columns entitled â€Å"Iola’s Southern Field,† and kept increasing her oral and written campaign against lynching mainly through lectures and editorials. Some of these works by Ida B. Wells include _Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases_; _A Red Record: Tabulated Statistics and Alleged Causes of Lynching in the United States_; and _Mob Rule in New Orleans_ (1900). In all of these works, Wells argues and contemplates the economic and political causes of racial oppression and injustices. In her writing she analyzes racist sexual tensions, and explains the relationship between terrorists and community leaders, and urges African-Americans to resist oppression through boycotts and emigration. Her manifestation of black empowerment can bee easily seen in these writings. Soon after, Ida B. Wells was dealing with more issues of gender roles in society. After her June 27, 1895 marriage to Ferdinand L. Barnett, a Chicago lawyer, newspaper writer, and widower with two sons, Ida B. Wells was questioned for her marriage by the famous suffragist, Susan B. Anthony. Ida B. Wells had joined the suffragist movement with Susan B. Anthony, and they together preached the important of equal women’s rights. Ida B. Wells was  traditionally feminist, and now had to deal with the dilemma of being married, as well as having children. Professionally, Ida B. Wells also ended up buying the _Chicago Conservator_ from her husband and continued to write following the births of her children. One of the most important accomplishments during Ida B. Wells’ lifetime was her being elected secretary of the National Afro-American Council. This same council called for a conference that led to the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. This group openly displayed its prominence in the black community during post-emancipation times. All the members of the organization were outspoken colored individuals who wanted to speak out against the prejudice of the time. They came together to discuss strategies, as well as solutions. The founding of this organization was one of the most important advancements showing black people’s wishes to be more prominent in the community. Their main discussions revolved around the concern of disenfranchisement of blacks during this time period. Ida B. Wells continued her crusade against violence into her fifties. In 1918 she covered the race riot in East St. Louis, Illinois, and wrote a series of articles on the riot for the _Chicago Defender_. Four years later she returned south to investigate the indictment for murder of twelve innocent Arkansas farmers. She then wrote _The Arkansas Race Riot_ and raised money to publish and distribute one thousand copies of her report. Throughout her final years, she continued to write for the newspaper, thus continuing her belief in African-Americans should seek their own justice. In 1928 Wells-Barnett began an autobiography, which was edited and published posthumously by her daughter, Alfreda Duster, and she kept a diary in 1930 that depicts her campaigning for election to the Illinois State Senate. After a sudden illness, she died in Chicago on March 25, 1931 at 68 years old. Ida B. Wells-Barnett was one of the most outstanding women of the late nineteenth century. She was a militant thinker and writer whose essays,  pamphlets, and books provide a well-respected analysis of lynching. She was a reformer whose insistence on resistance to oppression laid the foundation for the modern civil rights movement. In addition, her diary and autobiography offer a look into the formation of African-American female identity in the late nineteenth century. Ida B. Wells paved the way for new strategies and empowerment for colored people after the abolition of slavery. She remains an influence and an inspiration for those who seek to overcome struggle and injustice today.

Lab Report, Bench micrometer Essay Example

Lab Report, Bench micrometer Essay Example Lab Report, Bench micrometer Essay Lab Report, Bench micrometer Essay What life expectancy depends on and some reason for short life(maybe) Ali Mokdad, of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation According to Mokdad, life expectancy depends on many factors: income and education, access to health care † which includes both physical proximity and affordability † and the quality of medical care. But most important of all is the element least affected by science and technology: lifestyle. And while people in developing countries have more pportunity to exercise and eat a full complement of fruits and vegetables, they are also more likely to become sick with diseases related to eating too much salt, cholesterol and sugar. Thoughts So, what about the future † will gains in life expectancy shoot up again as techno-optimists like Ray Kurzweil posit? Not according to the WHO. The organizations morbidity predictions for 201 5 2030 dont indicate that areas of medicine currently making strides will push longevity trend lines in developed countries back up. ome diseases While medical advances have brightened the prognosis for many cancer patients, the WHO predicts that cancer will continue to account for about half of all deaths in upper-middle income and upper income countries. Alzheimers and Parkinsons diseases are on a course to claim more lives One of the solution The Smartphone may be the most powerful tool in a doctors bag, Mokdad said. Simply following up with pa tients to ensure that they follow doctors orders will improve and extend more lives than a cutting-edge medical breakthrough, he said

Gay-Lussacs Ideal Gas Law Examples

Gays Gay-Lussacs gas law  is a special case of the  ideal gas law  where the volume of the gas is held constant. When the volume is held constant, the pressure exerted by a gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas. The law is also known as Gay-Lussacs law of pressure temperature. Gay-Lussac formulated the law between 1800 and 1802 while building an air thermometer. These example problems use  Gay-Lussacs law to find the pressure of gas in a heated container as well as the temperature you would need to change the pressure of gas in a container. Key Takeaways: Gay-Lussac's Law Chemistry Problems Gay-Lussacs law is a form of the ideal gas law in which gas volume is kept constant.When volume is held constant, pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature.The usual equations for Gay-Lussacs law are P/T constant or Pi/Ti   Pf/Tf.The reason the law works is that temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy, so as the kinetic energy increases, more particle collisions occur and pressure increases. If temperature decreases, there is less kinetic energy, fewer collisions, and lower pressure. Gay A 20-liter cylinder contains 6  atmospheres (atm)  of gas at 27 C. What would the pressure of the gas be if the gas was heated to 77 C? To solve the problem, just work through the following steps:The cylinders volume remains unchanged while the gas is heated so Gay-Lussacs gas law applies. Gay-Lussacs gas law can be expressed as:Pi/Ti Pf/TfwherePi and Ti are the initial pressure and absolute temperaturesPf and Tf are the final pressure and absolute temperatureFirst, convert the temperatures to absolute temperatures.Ti 27 C 27 273 K 300 KTf 77 C 77 273 K 350 KUse these values in Gay-Lussacs equation and solve for Pf.Pf PiTf/TiPf (6 atm)(350K)/(300 K)Pf 7 atmThe answer you derive would be:The pressure will increase to 7 atm after heating the gas from 27 C to 77 C. Another Example See if you understand the concept by  solving another problem: Find the temperature in Celsius needed to change the pressure of 10.0 liters of a gas that has a pressure of 97.0 kPa at 25 C to standard pressure. Standard pressure is 101.325 kPa. First, convert  25 C to  Kelvin  (298K).  Remember that the Kelvin temperature scale is an  absolute temperature  scale based on the definition that the  volume  of a  gas  at constant (low)  pressure  is directly proportional to the  temperature  and that 100 degrees separate the  freezing  and  boiling points  of water. Insert the numbers into the equation to get: 97.0 kPa / 298 K 101.325 kPa / x solving for x: x (101.325 kPa)(298 K)/(97.0 kPa) x 311.3 K Subtract 273 to get the answer in Celsius. x 38.3 C Tips and Warnings Keep these points in mind when solving a  Gay-Lussacs law problem: The volume and quantity of gas are held constant.If the temperature of the gas increases, pressure increases.If temperature decreases, pressure decreases. Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of gas molecules. At a low temperature, the molecules are moving more slowly and will hit the wall of a  containerless  frequently. As temperature increases so do the motion of the molecules. They strike the walls of the container more often, which is seen as an increase in pressure.   The direct relationship only applies if the temperature is given in Kelvin. The most common mistakes students make working this type of problem is forgetting to convert to Kelvin or else doing the conversion incorrectly. The other error is neglecting  significant figures  in the answer. Use the smallest number of significant figures given in the problem. Sources Barnett, Martin K. (1941). A brief history of thermometry. Journal of Chemical Education, 18 (8): 358. doi:10.1021/ed018p358Crosland, M. P. (1961), The Origins of Gay-Lussacs Law of Combining Volumes of Gases, Annals of Science, 17 (1): 1, doi:10.1080/00033796100202521Gay-Lussac, J. L. (1809). Mà ©moire sur la combinaison des substances gazeuses, les unes avec les autres (Memoir on the combination of gaseous substances with each other). Mà ©moires de la Socià ©tà © dArcueil 2: 207–234.  Tippens, Paul E. (2007). Physics, 7th ed. McGraw-Hill. 386–387.

French Immigration Law through a European perspective. An analysis of Dissertation

French Immigration Law through a European perspective. An analysis of the right to free movement of EU Nationals in France - Dissertation Example European citizenship shall be conferred upon any person holding the nationality of a Member State and shall be known as citizens of the European Union however such citizenship shall be additional to and not intended to replace national citizenship. And, as EU citizens, they shall have the right to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States; the right to vote and to stand as candidates in elections to the European Parliament and in municipal elections in their Member State of residence under the same conditions as nationals of that State; the right to enjoy the protection of the diplomatic and consular authorities of any Member State on the same conditions as the nationals of that State; and the right to petition the European Parliament, to apply to the European Ombudsman, and to address the institutions and advisory bodies of the Union in any of the Treaty languages and to obtain a reply in the same language. In consonance with the foregoing rights of the EU citizens, European Parliament and Council Directive 2004/38/EC of 29 April 2004 was issued to govern the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States. It is the tasked of this dissertation to determine whether the freedom of movement and residence of EU citizens within the Member States is absolute by presenting the national immigration policies of a Member State which for this purpose shall be France. This dissertation shall endeavor to resolve whether the EU laws and directives on the free movement and residence are mandatory in character and in cases of transgressions, the EU has the power and authority to mete penalties or sanctions against the erring Member States. The French government restructured its immigration system by virtue of Act No. 2006-911 of 24 July 2006, otherwise known as the Immigration and Integration Law 2006. The newly enacted law implements a more stringent immigration policy against illegal migrants including EU citizens belonging to the Roma community. At the forefront is France’s systematic campaign against the Roma community by dismantling its camps and deporting them en masse for real or imagined violations. And worse, the expulsions were implemented without compliance to substantive and procedural due process. The Amnesty International (AI) and the United Nation Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) have publicly denounced the discriminatory and racial misconduct against them by the French government. Instead of heeding the appeal of the international bodies, France justified its extreme action of the deporting

A Small Theory of the Visible Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

A Small Theory of the Visible - Essay Example Reality, and not just the wilderness, is something that lies outside of what is practical, and can only be properly appreciated from a kind of receptivity that the artists perspective can capture. There are profound insights to be had from taking this view (Williams; Berger). Williams in a way hopes to frame the wilderness as conceptual art, as living art, or as performance art, at any rate a form of art. This is not an empty exercise in highfalutin aesthetics, or an attempt to cultivate an elevated mind. This is not empty intellectualizing, but something rooted in the way the wilderness and its experience can be made more immediate. This is not to say that framing the wilderness as art is something that has some outward economic, financial, or utilitarian function, to improve humanity. This is not it at all. In the mind of Williams this has more to do with the proper framing of the wilderness in terms of a perspective that in a way restores its sanctity, its religious essence. Art i s something that has no defined use in society, and it has the ability to jolt and to shock people into paying attention, away from their smart phones, their computers, their mundane interests, their conversations, and the business of life. Why shouldnt the wilderness be framed in the same way? There is something ultimately mysterious and indefinable about the wilderness, something that cannot be tamed and cannot be domesticated and caged in aquariums, or in natural history museums. There is something ultimately mysterious.

American Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Marriage - Essay Example American families are just changing as the society around them changes. Initially, marriage was believed to be challenging commitments for both the man and the woman. The man had to work hard in providing for his family, as the woman remained behind to care for both residence and the kids. However, due to apparent global economic crisis that has filtered into American marriage, women no longer remain at home due to the economic demands for their families. Women also strive to provide for their families by going to work just as their husbands. Children too are taken to baby care centers at tender age to keep them busy and away from their parents who are ever busy to make end meet especially during the day. Indeed, this can be seen as an adjustment to the changes in the modern society. It has been argued that marriages are experiencing stress in regard to socialization and communication between spouses and the children as well (Popenoe and Whitehead 146-148). However, there is an emerg ing divergence from traditional face-to-face communication to technologically supported social platforms. Most couples maintain distant relationship where, for instance, a man works in one state and the wife works in another state. The presence of various communication methods such as the social media and mobile phones has, however, improved communication between the two. Therefore, this shift in socialization is just a way of family adaptation and not as a result of stressed marriages (Schwartz and Scott 156-159). Although financial soundness was not valued in the past, it greatly influences marriage in the current society. For instance, the economic status of an individual would greatly affect the quality of the relationship. Financially stable individuals are likely to succeed in a marriage relationship. Arguably, according to Popenoe and Whitehead (146-148), families need to make extra coins today than earlier days. Although this can be viewed as a marriage stressor, it can be a rgued that input of both partners towards the economic prowess is actually an adaptation to the modern challenges. Therefore, marriages are much more likely to survive the test of the financial stressor. Marriage is no longer based on community but solely depend on individuality. However, the modern society has certainly set high standards especially in social, economic, and educational aspects. This causes American families to go an extra mile in meeting these apparent standards. Whereas this could be seen as an overwhelming challenge to the family, societal standards also act as a motivation towards a better family. Therefore, American marriages, in their endeavor to meet these standards, will come out stronger than weak (Graham 9-10). Another important factor affecting modern marriages is the issue of religion. Whereas traditional marriages were largely based on traditional religion, modernity has changed the religious aspect of marriage (Schwartz and Scott 156-159; Graham 8-11). With the uprising of many religious denominations, families experience apparent conflict of religious belief in regard to marriage and family values. However, the fact that modern religion appreciates and upholds the role of the marriage institution is actually a bonus to American marriages. Teachings and trainings on marriages boosts marriages hence making them last longer. Therefore, despite the conflicts acting as a stressing

Strategy

Strategy Strategy Definition of: A strategy is a plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal. The word strategy has military connotations, because it derives from the Greek word for general. Strategy is the mean or the tool by which objectives are consciously and systematically pursued and obtained over time. A strategy is a long term plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal. Strategy is different from method. In military terms, tactic is concerned with the conduct of an engagement while strategy is concerned with how different engagements are linked. In other words, how a battle is fought is a matter of tactics: the terms that it is fought on and whether it should be fought at all is a matter of strategy. Q.1 Strategic and operating causes morita realized the importance of the american market during his trip thats where he decided the stategy for his compamny to devlope company market outside japan to capture the most important market in the world. Objective of stretegy objective was to capture the most important market in the world to gain more reputation in out side market,first he decided to change companys name from ttkkk to sony which became barnd name later on. first objective was to increse the globalisation to capture the important markets in the world and be more localised. sony appointed the mangement team that was well and truely capable in thier work. sony open their first office in 1960 to control the export and distribution of its product to get more control and hold in the target market and from the export of radios, magnetic tapes they received more then 50 % of their revenues. sony invested in r d to keep the balance between production and sales that they can produce the right amount of product according to demand. sony opened their first manufacturing plant in 1970 which started producing colour television which gave them a significant rise in sales beacuse everything was avilable to customres lacally in america during 1970 soony had been able to grow and profit as a manufaturerer of small consumer electronic goods compare to other companies its invenstment was modest in areas out side of consumer products,such as semiconductor and computers. (ref: http://www.sony.net/fun/sh/1-36/h1.html) - Q.2 Sony to Sustain in Current operational period. Have to increase its RD and bring new innovation because first mover may gain advantages in building distribution channel, in typing up spesilaized suppliers or in gaining the attention of customer. SONY needs to have more specialized forienger management team with the hope that the outsider will assist. SONY should implement more efficient and effective strategies to gain more strength in the market. open more distribution channels in the world specailly in europe and america. SONY to sustain in the market should advertize its product more to the general masses. SONY should maintain its quality standard. SONY to sustain in the market should cope with new technology and start proucing the product according to the trends of the markets. Q.3(a) A Company strategy and A Business strategy A Company strategy:- In Simple term, It is company aims in general and the way its hopes to achive them. The direction of an organization takes with the objective of achiving business success in the long term. The formulation of company startegy involes establishing the purpose and the scope of the organization activities and the nature of the business it is in taking the enviorment in which it operate its position in market palce and competetion it faces tion corporate palnnig and busiiness plan are use to implement company strategy. A Business Strategy: Long-term approach to implementing a firms business plans to achieve its business objectives. OR A course of action, including the specification of resources required, to achieve a specific objective. Business strtegy is a term used in business plannig that imples a careful selection and appilication of resource to obtain a copetative futre events or trends. Business strategy is concern more with how a business complete successfully in a particular market it concern strategic decesion about choice of product meeting needs of customers, gaing advanteges over competetors expoliting or creating new oppourtunitiesetc. The simplest is by developing slightly different offerings, perhaps to target slightly different markets from those it serves at the moment or to meet more precisely the needs a sub-segment of existing customers examples include: 1.Mcdonalds introduction of the bigger Big Mac, targeted at existing customers with above average appetites in order to increase their spend at McDonalds . 2. Sonys induction of a range of LCD TVs. Q.3 (b) Global strategy: Global strategy as defined in business terms is an organizations strategic guide to globalization. A sound global strategy should address these questions: what must be (versus what is) the extent of market presence in the worlds major markets? How to build the necessary global presence? What must be (versus what is) the optimal locations around the world for the various value chain activities? How to run global presence into global competitive advantage? A global strategy may be appropriate in industries where firms are faced with strong pressures for cost reduction but with weak pressures for local responsiveness. Therefore, it allows these firms to sell a standardized product worldwide. However, fixed costs (capital equipment) are substantial. Nevertheless, these firms are able to take advantage of scale economies and experience curve effects, because it is able to mass-produce a standard product which can be exported (providing that demand is greater than the costs involved). Global strategies require firms to tightly coordinate their product and pricing strategies across international markets and locations, and therefore firms that pursue a global strategy are typically highly centralized Characteristics of sony global stratege Morita co-founder of sony wants to make his copmany successful all around the global for that.he use a global strategy and its charecteics are as follows. when he went to usa he found that the american market is the better target market than the japanes market for electronic conusemers.so he decided to implement the strategy than can give him a significant. sony not only target american market but also keep note of the importance of the other markets in the world. sony status making it item locally so that it can achieve a balance in sales and production. sony makes item that are local to that market.sony starts his RD local so that sony can achive a better result in that part of local market,because differnet part of world got different consumeres and got different needs and satisfaction point. sony has given such innovation and quality in their product that customers can be satisfied.this strategy was adopted all over the world by sony. Q.4: Corporate planning and strategic planning Corporate Panning Is concerned with an organizations basic direction for the future: its purpose,its ambitions, its resources and how it interacts with the world in which it operates Involves decisions about the organization as whole. defines the activities of the organization and structure. The process of drawing up detailed action plans to achieve an organizations goals and objectives, taking into account the resources of the organization and the environment within which it operates. Corporate planning represents a formal, structured approach to achieving objectives and to implementing the corporate strategy of an organization. It has traditionally been seen as the responsibility of senior management. The use of the term became predominant during the 1960s but has now been largely superseded by the concept of strategic management. Strategic Planning. A fundamental pattern of present and planned objectives, resource deployments and interactions of an organization with markets, competitors, and other environmental factors. Strategic Planning process. Mission Objectives. Environment Scanning. Strategy Formulation. Strategy Implementation. Evaluation Control. Strategic planning is an organizations process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy, including its capital and people. Various business analysis techniques can be used in strategic planning, including SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats ) and PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis) or STEER analysis (Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and Regulatory factors) and EPISTEL (Environment, Political, Informatic, Social, Technological, Economic and Legal). Corporate planing consist of objectives, aims and strategies of any organization on the other hand Strategic planning will give us direction how to take the right decisions at the right time to achieve these aims, objectives and strategies. Example of Corporate planning. Corporate Planning of IBM. For decades IBMs corporate, bussiness, and marketing strategies were all very successful. By the mid 1990s, however, several of IBMs traditional businesses were in trouble.The companys share of the worldwide PC market fell to about 8 percent in 1990, third behind Dell and Compaq. Worse, the firms Pc business was projected to lose $400 million, on top of a $1 billion loss in 1998. A New Corproate Strategy. when Lou Gerstner took over as IBMs chief executive in 1994, he and a task force of other executives, including many from the marketing and sales ranks, reexamined all the firms businesses, customer segments, competitors, and potential competitors. Thier Conclusion : the internet would change everything. They foresaw that The real leadership in the [ information technolgy] industry was moving away from the creartion of technology to the application of the technology, says Gerstner. The explosive growth is in service. Further We concluded that this[the internet] was not an information superhighway. This was all about business, doing transaction, not looking up information. consequenty, IBMs top excutives began to refocus the corporate mission,de-emphasising the development and manufacture of high-tech hardware while increasing the emphasis on providing customers with e-business engineering,software, and outsourcing services.to leverage the firms existing competencies and its long-term relationships with its traditional customers, many of the new services the firm developed concentrate on helping large, brick- and mortar firms (1) hook old corporate databases (often on mainframes)into new online systems, (2) integrate web technology into their internal business processes to improve efficiency, and (3) develop and run company websites.for instance, lego, the danish toy manufacturer, pays IBM to run its entire Web operation, including contracting with the danish post office to handle shipping. but the corporation has also expanded the scope of both its new service and old hard-ware businesses to embrace smaller customers. for example, in 2002 the firm released scaled-down version of its database,email, and network management software that are easier to maintain and up to 80 per cent cheaper than its standard versions. IBM also announced a partnership with J.D edwards co. in which the provider of tech services to midsized companies will base its entire software menu on IBM programs.

Personal Narrative Essay - Crickets :: Personal Narrative Writing

Personal Narrative- Crickets I’ve never liked bugs. Grasshoppers are gruesome, and wasps are menacing. Even butterflies seem to flaunt their grace by fluttering in your face. Recently, however, I’ve realized that one insect cowers below the others as the most scheming of the six-legged world. I’ve discovered that I hate crickets. These bugs are way too happy for their own good. Not only black, smaller versions of the grasshopper, crickets are masters of hide and seek. The inky bodies blend flawlessly into the shadows beneath a bush or inside the garage. Each crunchy creature also must have a shrinking ability. Squeezing into cracks and crannies in walls, even the cockroach is shamed by the cricket. Once hiding within thirty feet of my presence, the despicable beast begins to sing its wretched, repetitive tune. Echoing in my ears, magnified by the silence between chirps, the song rattles in my head. Forget studying, forget writing and solving problems, forget sleeping, because I am irritated. Each shrill note pierces my skull, drumming inside my head as though pressuring my brain. "Find me," it taunts, "if you can." Concentrating becomes isolated, like a special filter is funneling only the vibrato-filled song into my mind. Eyes wide and furious, I hunt, following the gnawing chirp. Listening with ears attuned only to the shriek, I creep so slowly, so focused my muscles ache with the strain. Zoning in on a tiny area, suddenly repulsed by the thought of cricket skin brushing my delicate fingertips, I seize a sandal from the step. I can hear it. I know it’s only a few inches away.

Advergames

Synopsis Advergames – Advertising into your subconsciousness Disposition This paper investigates how advergames and anti- advergames have made a ground in our culture. I will explore how the anti- advergame movement utilizes the procedural rhetoric in order to create awareness. Furthermore I will come to a conclusion about why or if we need the anti – advergame movement. What exactly is advergames? Advergames is a great way to reach out to the consumers in a subconscious manner. Advergames are video games which contains advertisement for a product, service, or company. – Advergames are created to fill out a purpose – often to promote the company or one of the products. These games are often distributed freely as the game is a marketing tool. – Advergames can also be less obvious in their advertisement with product placement in the game. The video games is an alternative form of advertising with some advantages: they are cheap, fast, and have an extr aordinary peer-to-peer marketing ability. Advertising within a video game allows for more exposures to the product than traditional ads because, according to Ellen Ratchye– Foster, a trend analyst for Fallon, â€Å"anyone who buys these games devotes weeks and weeks to getting through their levels. † This means that the consumer will see the advertisements over and over while they play, thus it may resonate with them. †1 Product placement – â€Å"Product placement in-game-advertising is most commonly found in sports titles and simulation games. For advertisers an add may be displayed multiple times and a game may provide an opportunity to ally a product's brand image with the image of the game. – Such examples include the use Sobe drink in Tom Clancy’s Splinter Cell: Double Agent – While product placement in film and television is fairly common, this type of in-game advertising has only recently become common in games. â€Å"2 1 http ://advergamingtoday. blogspot. com/2006/02/just-product-placement. html 2 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Advergaming What is anti – advergames? Anti- advergames are games that challenge players to rethink their relationship with consumption and encourage corporate critique. â€Å"Advertisers, governments and organizations mount huge campaigns to show us what they want us to see, and we want to expose what they're hiding,† 3 In order to create awareness for the consumer (or more precisely the player) molleindustria. org and others create anti – advergames. The video games satirize big companies and question corporate polices ranging from how cattle are raised (The McDonald’s Videogame) to low pay for workers (Disaffected! . â€Å"I've always had a complicated relationship with advertising,† Bogost said. â€Å"It's everywhere, and it's becoming more and more parasitic. Yet, because it's everywhere it has the power to influence people positively as well as negatively. † 4 When attempting to sell games as a persuasive medium, those in the business early on found it useful to refer to this class of games as serious games. Ian Bogost wrote the book †Persuasive games† where he analysed the rhetoric these games used in their attempt to share information. Persuasive games – Ian Bogost †A book about how videogames make arguments: rhetoric, computing, politics, advertising, learning. In Persuasive Games, Ian Bogost explains how companies with the video game as a medium can make arguments and influence players. The games represent how the real and artificial/imagined systems work, and the players are invited to an interaction with the system to form an opinion about them. Bogost analyses the unique functions of rhetoric in software and especially in videogames. He argues that videogames because of their representation of procedurality open a whole new domain for persuasion, a new form for rhetoric. 5 3 http://www. molleindustria. org/node/149 4 http://www. molleindustria. org/node/149 5 http://www. bogost. com/books/persuasive_games. shtml This new form is called â€Å"procedural rhetoric† and is a form of rhetoric that is tied to the core affordances of computers which is running processes an executing a rule-based symbolic manipulation. 6 Procedural rhetoric is the practice of authoring arguments through processes. Computer games are interesting in this regard because they are some of the most complex processes that exist. †Covering both commercial and non-commercial games from the earliest arcade games through contemporaty titles, I look at three areas in which videogame persuasion has already taken form and shows considerable potential: politics, advertising, and education. The book reflects both theoretical and game-design goals. †7 The McDonald’s Videogame example McDonald’s video game is a good example of procedural rhetoric. The game was designed to persuade you that McDonald’s business model is corrupt. The McDonald’s Videogame mounts a procedural rhetoric about the necessity of corruption in the global fast food business, and the overwhelming temptation of greed, which leads to more corruption. In order to succeed in the longterm, the player must use growth hormones, he must coerce banana republics, and he must mount PR and lobbying campaigns. â⠂¬ 8 The game makes a procedural argument about the inherent problems in the fast food industry, particularly the necessity of overstepping environmental and health-related boundaries. Critical Play – Mary Flanagan While Ian Bogost's procedural rhetoric explore the expressive processes in video games, Mary Flanagan examines the theories of critical play which considers how designing a play space in a 6 7 8 9 http://www. bogost. com/books/persuasive_games. shtml http://www. bogost. com/books/persuasive_games. shtml The Rhetoric of video games, Ian Bogost p. 127 The Rhetoric of video games, Ian Bogost p. 127 video game can be a kind of social activism. Definition of critical Play To Flanagan, critical play â€Å"means to create or occupy play environments and activities that represent one or more questions about aspects of human life,†10 and â€Å"is characterized by a careful examination of social, cultural, political, or even personal themes that function as alternates to popular play spaces. [†¦] Thus the goal in theorizing a critical game-design paradigm is as much about the creative person’s interest in critiquing the status quo as it is about using play for such a phase change†11. The connection that this process has with social activism is that the games that people play and how they play those games change in response to culture. The doll example A simple example of critical play in a natural setting is playing with dolls. They are often used to enforce gender roles and stereotypes, many young girls today and in the early days of the doll industry would use dolls to break down social roles. Violent fantasies, macabre funerals, and other forms of changing the way play worked with dolls provides a striking example of critical play in its natural form. 2 10 Critical Play: Radical game design, Mary Flanagan, p 6 11 Critical Play: Radical game design, Mary Flanagan, p 6 12 http://www. popmatters. com/pm/post/128966-mary-flanagans-critical-play Anti – advergames Ian Bogost is one of the founding fathers of anti- advergames and in his book Persuasive Games he describes how procedural rhetoric can be used to understand the problems in our culture. â€Å"Disa ffected! Does not purport to proceduralize a solution to Kinko's customer service or labour issues. But its procedural rhetoric of incompetence does underscore the problem of disaffection in contemporary culture, on both sides of the counter. We're dissatisfied or unwilling to support structures of authority, but we do scarcely little about it. We go to work at lousy jobs with poor benefits and ill treatment. We shrug off poor customer service and bad products, assuming that nothing can be done and ignoring the reasons why workers might feel disenfranchised in the first place. We take for granted that we can't reach people in authority. These problems extend far beyond copy stores. Disaffected has, like the McDonald’s video game, no solution to how we change the problem. The game attempts instead to inform and educate the users by using the procedural rhetoric, showing how the organisation/world through processes affect everyone. The question is, does anti – advergames really have the effekt that Bogost and other gamedesigners think it does? Its a question with more than one side. On one hand people do get a better understanding of the structure and the core of the message but how is that different form any other campaign? On the other hand we already know that Billion dollar companies may be a little rough around the edges and that morally the best thing (in a perfect world) would be to avoid the products and companies altogether. So why do we need anti – advergames to inform us about the dangers? The point is to create awareness. There arent any (easy) solution to the problems so the next best thing is to make people aware of how the system works so that we dont stand idly by. This does not mean that the anti- advergames are created in a belief that the user, by playing the video game, is fully enlightened on completion of the game. Often the player already has insight in how the system works as the people who aren't interested in the critique wont be interested in the game either. None the less designers like Ian Bogost and Paolo Pedercini (molleindustria. org) feel their work will have some effect. At the very least, they contend, players might start thinking about corporations in new ways. The games, Pedercini said, â€Å"can make people ask some questions, and for instance read a book or consider that there are a lot of motivations to change their lifestyles. â€Å"13 Brad Scott, director of digital branding at Landor Associates has an other opinion: â€Å"I don't know that they would have that negative effect on the brand,† Scott said. â€Å"You can almost use it as, ‘Boy, we've become such an icon as a brand that we're being mimicked by video games. † 14 I cant say which statement I think is correct but I think that advergames are a great way of advertising. There is an enormous amount of people who play video games, â€Å"according to the Interactive Digital Software Association, as many as 60% of Americans over age 6 play them. Putting that statistic together with the number of people using the internet, you have a phenomenal amount of people you ca n market to. â€Å"15 This great area of potential would of course be a great place for marketing, both commercial and non-commercial. It would be a waste not to utilize it especially if the people aren't as offended or as immune as to other of the more traditional methods of advertising. 13 http://www. molleindustria. org/node/149 14 http://www. molleindustria. org/node/149 15 http://advergamingtoday. blogspot. com/2006/02/just-product-placement. html 7 Digital Kultur Conclusion Advergames are becoming more and more popular as the availability to the internet increases. The video game is like any other media being used to the benefit of the marketing industry and why not? The anti – advergame movement with Ian Bogost criticise the marketing industry for being omnipresent and overpowering in its behaviour but is itself a game that has an agenda. Despite all, the anti – advergames are needed. The goal is not to come up with a solution, but to create awareness, and that is exactly what they do. We have an anti advertising forum in any other media, why not in the video games? 8 http://advergamingtoday. blogspot. com/2006/02/just-product-placement. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Advergaming http://www. molleindustria. rg/node/149 http://www. bogost. com/books/persuasive_games. shtml http://www. popmatters. com/pm/post/128966-mary-flanagans-critical-play http://www. molleindustria. org/node/149 Texts Ian Bogost, ‘The Rhetoric of video games, in The Ecology of Games: Connecting Youth, Games, and Learning, Cambridge, MIT Press, 2008 Ian Bogost, ‘Procedural Rhetoric' [extract], in Persuasive Games: The Expressive Power of Videoga mes, Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, 2007 Mary Flanagan, ‘Introduction to Critical Play', in Critical Play: Radical Game Design, Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press 2009 9

Secondary Data

Q) What are Secondary Data? Secondary Data Secondary data is information gathered for purposes other than the completion of a research project. Data previously collected by someone else, possibly for some other purpose that can be used later for making decisions if found suitable for the purpose, other than the original one. Secondary data can be acquired from the internal records of the organization, their departments, subsidiaries or sister organizations and also from external sources, such as chambers of commerce, government, professional and commercial consultants subject to the availability of data . e. g. , data in books, journals, newspapers, magazines, etc. †¢ e. g. , data in reports, surveys, etc A variety of secondary information sources is available to the researcher gathering data on an industry, potential product applications and the market place. Secondary data is also used to gain initial insight into the research problem. Secondary data is classified in terms of its source – either internal or external. Internal, or in-house data, is secondary information acquired within the organization where research is being carried out. External secondary data is obtained from outside sources. The secondary information will provide a useful background and will identify key questions and issues that will need to be addressed by the primary research. BENEFITS †¢ Low cost †¢ Less effort †¢ Less time †¢ At times, more accurate †¢ At times, only way to obtain data LIMITATION †¢ Collected for some other purpose †¢ No control over data collection †¢ May not be accurate †¢ May not be in correct form †¢ May be outdated †¢ May not meet data requirements †¢ Assumptions have to be made Q) What are the major problems encountered with Secondary Data? It is necessary that the secondary data are taken from a source which obtained from the original source, and then a secondary source is being used. It is important to avoid the use of secondary sources by using only the original sources for a Secondary Data. The other problems may include: †¢ Secondary information pertinent to the research topic is either not available, or is only available in insufficient quantities. †¢ Some secondary data may be of questionable accuracy and reliability. Even government publications and trade magazines statistics can be misleading. For example, many trade magazines survey their members to derive estimates of market size, market growth rate and purchasing patterns, then average out these results. Often these statistics are merely average opinions based on less than 10% of their members. †¢ Data may be in a different format or units than is required by the researcher. †¢ The methodology used by the party for collecting the secondary data is not explained and the accuracy level may not be verified. Much secondary data is several years old and may not reflect the current market conditions. Trade journals and other publications often accept articles six months before appear in print. The research may have been done months or even years earlier. Q) What are the major sources of Internal Data? Internal Data Internal secondary data is usually an inexpensive information source for the company conducting research, and is the place to start for existing operations. Internally generated sales and pricing data can be used as a research source. The use of this data is to define the competitive position of the firm, an evaluation of a marketing strategy the firm has used in the past, or gaining a better understanding of the company’s best customers. The main sources of internal data may include: 1. Sales and marketing reports. These can include such things as: †¢ Type of product/service purchased †¢ Type of end-user/industry segment †¢ Method of payment †¢ Product or product line †¢ Sales territory †¢ Salesperson †¢ Date of purchase †¢ Amount of purchase †¢ Price †¢ Application by product †¢ Location of end-user 2. Accounting and financial records. These are often an overlooked source of internal secondary information and can be invaluable in the identification, clarification and prediction of certain problems. Accounting records can be used to evaluate the success of various marketing strategies such as revenues from a direct marketing campaign. There are several problems in using accounting and financial data. One is the timeliness factor – it is often several months before accounting statements are available. Another is the structure of the records themselves. Most firms do not adequately setup their accounts to provide the types of answers to research questions that they need. For example, the account systems should capture project/product costs in order to identify the company’s most profitable (and least profitable) activities. Companies should also consider establishing performance indicators based on financial data. These can be industry standards or unique ones designed to measure key performance factors that will enable the firm to monitor its performance over a period of time and compare it to its competitors. Some example may be sales per employee, sales per square foot, expenses per employee (salesperson, etc. ). 3. Miscellaneous reports. These can include such things as inventory reports, service calls, number (qualifications and compensation) of staff, production and R&D reports. Also the company’s business plan and customer calls (complaints) log can be useful sources of information. COMMON SOURCES OF INTERNAL SECONDARY DATA Information originating within the company 1. Sales invoices a. Customer name b. Address c. Class of product/service sold d. Price by unit e. Salesperson f. Term of sales g. Shipment point 2. Accounts receivable reports a. Customer name b. Product purchased c. Total unit and dollar sales d. Customer as percentage of sales . Customer as percentage of regional sales f. Profit margin g. Credit rating h. Items returned i. Reason for return 3. Quarterly sales report a. Total dollar and unit sales by: Customer Geographic segment Customer segment Sales territory Product Sales report Product segment b. Total sales against planned objective c. Total sales against budget d. Total sales against pri or periods e. Actual sales percentage increase/decrease f. Contribution trends 4. Sales activity reports a. Classification of customer account i. e. Mega, Large, Medium and Small b. Available dollar sales potential c. Current sales penetration d. Existing bids/contracts by customer location product Q) What is a computerized Data Base? COMPUTERIZED DATA BASE A database is simply a collection of related information. More specifically a computerized database is a computerized record keeping system. More completely, it is a system involving data, the hardware that physically stores that data, the software that utilizes the hardware's file system in order to 1) store the data and 2) provide a standardized method for retrieving or changing the data, and finally, the users who turn the data into information. For many companies, a computerized database containing information about customers and prospects has become an essential marketing tool. Creating an internal marketing secondary database built upon sales results and customer preferences can be a powerful marketing tool. Databases dealing with published information usually found in libraries, such as books, articles and other types of documents, are commonly called bibliographic databases. Computerized databases published secondary data, the Internet, and internal databases are important parts of an organization’s information system. Intelligent decision making is always predicated on having good information. †¢ When a person uses an automated teller machine to withdraw money from the bank account, he/she is using a computerized database. †¢ When a travel agent makes an airline reservation for the customers, he/she is using a computerized database. †¢ When a telephone operator gives the customer a phone number, he/she is using a computerized database. Any significant collections of information stored on computers are virtually always organized as databases and are known as computerized data base. Computerized Database On-line vendors – purchase (rent) databases from a number of suppliers and sell to the subscribers (e. g. services provided by America Online, DIALOG). ON-LINE DATABASES Provide http: easy and direct access to public information through a computer. There are about 7,000 databases on a variety of topics that one can use. Q) Describe a specialized online data base of marketing manager? An online database which can be used by a marketing manager for Substantial Cost Savings, for Increasing the understanding of the Decision Environment, Upgrading the Decision-Making Effectiveness, Improving the Information Value. This may include: †¢ Internet – World-wide telecommunications network that allows computers to access data, files, pictures and sound throughout the world. †¢ World Wide Web – Component of the Internet designed to make transmission of text and images very easy. †¢ Uniform Reference Locator (URL) – Internet address that identifies a specific location. – A typical Web address looks like the following: http://www. microsoft. com †¢ Search Engines – Internet search directories to aid in locating topics of interest and URLs. – An example is Yahoo at http://www. yahoo. com On-line Databases Consist of: Internet, Direct from Vendors, Direct from Producer, Indirect through Networks Organizations Must Create a Database Management System. Managers must be trained on How to Retrieve Information and How to Manipulate the Data Using Database Management Software. A marketing manager can use a specialized data base to fulfill his/her tasks effectively and efficiently through: †¢ Internet †¢ Website †¢ Emails †¢ Online Subscriptions †¢ Online queries †¢ Online Feed back †¢ Newsgroups on the Internet †¢ Internet sites devoted to a specific topic where people can read and post messages. †¢ Databases on CD ROM A number of companies offer database packages on CD ROM for personal computers that is very useful for manager in decision making and other tasks. †¢ Geographic Information Systems †¢ Computer-based system that uses secondary and/or primary data to generate maps that visually display answers to research questions. †¢ Decision Sup port System – Through Online Data Base an interactive, personalized MIS, designed to be initiated and controlled by individual decision makers. – Managers use decision support systems to conduct sales analyses, forecast sales, evaluate advertising, analyze product lines, and keep tabs n market trends and competitor analysis. Creating Databases from a Web Site -A Marketing Manager’s Dream – Customer’s link to an online store is a two-way electronic link – Allows online merchant to gather information about the customer – Text file place on a user’s computer in order to identify the user when there is a return visit to the Web site. – Helping Managers in creation of a large computerized file of customers’ and potential customers’ profiles and purchase patterns. – It is the fastest-growing use of internal database technology. A manager has to build company’s online Pages on Search Engines. Working online to find out target audiences and provide them information through Internet services performing internet marketing services that are mention above. The services are designed to help the company’s website increase its. Through this Online Database a marketing Manager is able to get, Demographic Dimensions Population growth: actual and projected Population density In-migration and out-migration patterns Population trends by age, race, and ethnic background Employment Characteristics Labor force growth Unemployment levels Percentage of employment by occupation categories Employment by industry Economic Characteristics Personal income levels (per capita and median) Type of manufacturing/service firms Total housing starts Building permits issued Sales tax rates Competitive Characteristics Levels of retail and wholesale sales Number and types of competing retailers Availability of financial institutions International Market Characteristics Transportation and exporting requirements Trade barriers Business philosophies Legal system Social customs Political climate Cultural patterns Religious and moral backgrounds Common Government Documents Used as Secondary Data Sources Statistics of Income Survey of Current Business Through a specialized Online Data Base a marketing manager able to get up-to-date information. A marketing Manager able to, †¢ Evaluate sales territory. †¢ PLC †¢ Identify most profitable and least profitable customers. †¢ Identify most profitable market segments and target efforts with greater efficiency and effectiveness. †¢ Aim marketing efforts to those products, services, and segments that require the most support. †¢ Increase revenue through repackaging and re-pricing products for various market segments. Evaluate opportunities for offering new products or services. †¢ Identify products or services that are best-sellers or most profitable. †¢ Evaluate existing marketing programs. †¢ Database Technologies †¢ Database technologies continue to evolve. For example, Fingerhut, a database firm, uses a Sun Microsystems parallel co mputer, whereas American Express relies on Thinking Machines Corporation’s supercomputers. †¢ Renting Internal Databases †¢ Some companies rent their internal databases to obtain extra income, although this can lead to ethical questions. [pic]